{
  "id": "nexus-ext-1-0034-144165",
  "citation": "Res. 00272-2012 Tribunal Segundo Civil Sección I",
  "section": "nexus_decisions",
  "doc_type": "court_decision",
  "title_es": "Responsabilidad civil por publicidad agresiva mediante llamadas telefónicas",
  "title_en": "Civil liability for aggressive telephone advertising",
  "summary_es": "El Tribunal Segundo Civil Sección I conoce los recursos de apelación interpuestos por ambas partes contra la sentencia de primera instancia en un proceso ordinario de daño moral. El actor reclamó daños por las constantes llamadas telefónicas recibidas de operadores que ofrecían productos del banco demandado, sin su consentimiento y a pesar de sus reiteradas solicitudes de cese. El tribunal confirma la responsabilidad civil del banco, desestimando los argumentos de la demandada sobre prueba ilícita (grabaciones de llamadas), falta de nexo causal debido a la intervención de call centers externos, y el alegado cumplimiento de protocolos de llamadas cada 45 días. Se valora la confesión ficta del representante de la demandada ante la incomparecencia. Respecto al quantum, el tribunal rechaza la función ejemplarizante utilizada por el a quo y eleva la indemnización de un millón a cuatro millones de colones, basándose en la gravedad probada de la angustia, el acoso publicitario y la frustración sufrida por el actor, descartando argumentos sobre la capacidad económica del banco o la duración del proceso judicial como factores de cuantificación.",
  "summary_en": "The Second Civil Chamber, Section I, reviews cross-appeals of a first-instance judgment in a moral damages lawsuit. The plaintiff claimed damages from relentless telemarketing calls promoting the defendant bank's products, made without consent and despite repeated cease-requests. The court upholds the bank's civil liability, rejecting arguments that the plaintiff's call recordings constitute illicit evidence, that the involvement of third-party call centers breaks causation, or that an internal protocol limiting calls to every 45 days was followed. The bank representative's deemed confession (confesión ficta) due to non-appearance is given weight. On damages, the court rejects the exemplary-damages rationale used below and increases the award from one million to four million colones, grounded on the proven severity of anxiety, harassment, and frustration, while dismissing the bank’s wealth and litigation length as irrelevant for quantification.",
  "court_or_agency": "Tribunal Segundo Civil Sección I",
  "date": "18/07/2012",
  "year": "2012",
  "topic_ids": [
    "_off-topic"
  ],
  "primary_topic_id": "_off-topic",
  "es_concept_hints": [
    "daño moral",
    "confesión ficta",
    "publicidad agresiva",
    "nexo de causalidad",
    "prueba espuria",
    "función ejemplarizante",
    "derechos personalísimos",
    "tutela judicial efectiva"
  ],
  "article_citations": [
    {
      "law": "Constitución Política",
      "article": "41",
      "doc_id": "norm-871",
      "source": "metadata"
    },
    {
      "law": "Constitución Política 0",
      "article": "41",
      "doc_id": "norm-871",
      "source": "metadata"
    },
    {
      "law": "Código Civil",
      "article": "1048",
      "doc_id": "norm-15437",
      "source": "metadata"
    },
    {
      "law": "Ley 63",
      "article": "1048",
      "doc_id": "norm-15437",
      "source": "metadata"
    },
    {
      "law": "Código Procesal Civil",
      "article": "317",
      "doc_id": "norm-12443",
      "source": "metadata"
    },
    {
      "law": "Ley 7130",
      "article": "317",
      "doc_id": "norm-12443",
      "source": "metadata"
    },
    {
      "law": "Código Procesal Civil",
      "article": "368",
      "doc_id": "norm-12443",
      "source": "metadata"
    },
    {
      "law": "Ley 7130",
      "article": "368",
      "doc_id": "norm-12443",
      "source": "metadata"
    },
    {
      "law": "Código Procesal Civil",
      "article": "391",
      "doc_id": "norm-12443",
      "source": "metadata"
    },
    {
      "law": "Ley 7130",
      "article": "391",
      "doc_id": "norm-12443",
      "source": "metadata"
    }
  ],
  "keywords_es": [
    "daño moral",
    "responsabilidad civil",
    "llamadas telefónicas",
    "publicidad agresiva",
    "confesión ficta",
    "prueba espuria",
    "derecho a la intimidad",
    "nexo de causalidad",
    "cuantificación del daño",
    "función ejemplarizante",
    "daños punitivos",
    "consumidor",
    "call center",
    "banco"
  ],
  "keywords_en": [
    "moral damages",
    "civil liability",
    "telephone calls",
    "aggressive advertising",
    "deemed confession",
    "spurious evidence",
    "right to privacy",
    "causation",
    "damages quantification",
    "exemplary damages",
    "punitive damages",
    "consumer",
    "call center",
    "bank"
  ],
  "excerpt_es": "Los argumentos no son de recibo. De todos los reproches efectuados, a pesar de que se basan en la denominación de “prueba espuria”, ningunos de ellos se fundan en una violación al principio de defensa –como integral del debido proceso-, que conlleve el denegar valor probatorio a esa prueba. Por el contrario, todos los argumentos se basan en aspectos que giran en cuanto a la admisión de la prueba. Con respecto del consentimiento de la persona que hace la llamada para ser grabada, este aspecto solo puede ser reclamado por dicha persona, por infracción a un principio de intimidad, y no por la sociedad demandada quien no puede ser titular de un derecho personalísimo.\n\nEl Tribunal no comparte esta premisa. La función de la tutela judicial efectiva del daño, regulada constitucionalmente en el artículo 41, es la de resarcir las conductas que provocan ese daño, no sancionarlas, dado que no nos encontramos en un supuesto de “daños punitivos” como si existen en las legislaciones de corte anglosajón. Es por esto, que la tesis de la función ejemplarizante del daño que utiliza el juez, no es un argumento válido para hacer su fijación.\n\nEstas situaciones nos llevan a cuantificar el resarcimiento a que tiene derecho el actor en la suma de cuatro millones de colones. No compartimos los reproches en torno a la condición económica del banco, ni lo alargado del proceso judicial, para fijar un resarcimiento como el pretendido, pues esos aspectos no tienen un vínculo de causalidad con el daño reclamado en la demanda.",
  "excerpt_en": "The arguments are not receivable. Of all the objections raised, despite being based on the label “spurious evidence”, none of them are founded on a violation of the right of defense –as an integral part of due process– that would warrant denying probative value to that evidence. On the contrary, all the arguments revolve around the admission of the evidence. Regarding the consent of the person making the call to be recorded, this aspect can only be claimed by that person, for infringement of a privacy right, and not by the defendant company which cannot be the holder of a highly personal right.\n\nThe Court does not share this premise. The function of effective judicial protection for damages, constitutionally enshrined in Article 41, is to compensate the conduct that caused the damage, not to punish it, since we are not faced with a case of “punitive damages” as they exist in Anglo-Saxon legislation. Therefore, the thesis of the exemplary function of damages used by the judge is not a valid argument for setting the amount.\n\nThese circumstances lead us to quantify the compensation to which the plaintiff is entitled in the sum of four million colones. We do not share the criticisms regarding the bank’s economic condition, nor the length of the judicial proceedings, as a basis for setting compensation at the level sought, because those aspects lack a causal link to the damage claimed in the lawsuit.",
  "outcome": {
    "label_en": "Partially granted",
    "label_es": "Parcialmente con lugar",
    "summary_en": "Civil liability is upheld and moral damages increased from one million to four million colones, rejecting the exemplary-damages approach and the defendant's arguments.",
    "summary_es": "Se confirma la responsabilidad civil y se eleva la indemnización por daño moral de un millón a cuatro millones de colones, rechazando la función ejemplarizante y los argumentos de la demandada."
  },
  "pull_quotes": [
    {
      "context": "Considerando VII",
      "quote_en": "The function of effective judicial protection for damages, constitutionally enshrined in Article 41, is to compensate the conduct that caused the damage, not to punish it, since we are not faced with a case of 'punitive damages' as they exist in Anglo-Saxon legislation.",
      "quote_es": "La función de la tutela judicial efectiva del daño, regulada constitucionalmente en el artículo 41, es la de resarcir las conductas que provocan ese daño, no sancionarlas, dado que no nos encontramos en un supuesto de “daños punitivos” como si existen en las legislaciones de corte anglosajón."
    },
    {
      "context": "Considerando IV",
      "quote_en": "Regarding the consent of the person making the call to be recorded, this aspect can only be claimed by that person, for infringement of a privacy right, and not by the defendant company which cannot be the holder of a highly personal right.",
      "quote_es": "Con respecto del consentimiento de la persona que hace la llamada para ser grabada, este aspecto solo puede ser reclamado por dicha persona, por infracción a un principio de intimidad, y no por la sociedad demandada quien no puede ser titular de un derecho personalísimo."
    },
    {
      "context": "Considerando VII",
      "quote_en": "These circumstances lead us to quantify the compensation to which the plaintiff is entitled in the sum of four million colones.",
      "quote_es": "Estas situaciones nos llevan a cuantificar el resarcimiento a que tiene derecho el actor en la suma de cuatro millones de colones."
    }
  ],
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      "citation": "Constitución Política 0 (Asamblea Nacional Constituyente, 07/11/1949)",
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  "temas_y_subtemas": [
    {
      "Subtemas": [
        {
          "id": 1,
          "nombre": "Validez de grabar las llamadas telefónicas de un banco que realiza publicidad agresiva"
        }
      ],
      "id": 4,
      "nombre": "Derecho a la intimidad"
    },
    {
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        {
          "id": 1,
          "nombre": "Validez de grabar las llamadas telefónicas de un banco que realiza publicidad agresiva"
        }
      ],
      "id": 5,
      "nombre": "Valoración de la prueba en materia civil"
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    {
      "Subtemas": [
        {
          "id": 2,
          "nombre": "Improcedente señalar que el monto otorgado busca una función ejemplarizante"
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        {
          "id": 1,
          "nombre": "Banco que realiza publicidad agresiva mediante llamadas telefónicas"
        }
      ],
      "id": 1,
      "nombre": "Responsabilidad civil"
    },
    {
      "Subtemas": [
        {
          "id": 1,
          "nombre": "Responsabilidad civil por publicidad agresiva mediante llamadas telefónicas"
        }
      ],
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      "nombre": "Entidad financiera"
    },
    {
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          "nombre": "Improcedente señalar que el monto otorgado busca una función ejemplarizante"
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        {
          "id": 1,
          "nombre": "Condena a banco que realiza publicidad agresiva mediante llamadas telefónicas"
        }
      ],
      "id": 2,
      "nombre": "Daño moral"
    },
    {
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          "id": 1,
          "nombre": "Responsabilidad civil por publicidad agresiva mediante llamadas telefónicas"
        }
      ],
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      "nombre": "Bancos"
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  "body_es_text": "“III.- LOS AGRAVIOS DE LOS RECURRENTES. Alegatos de la parte actora: Aduce lo siguiente: a) se muestra disconforme por el daño moral concedido, pues se habían pretendido cinco millones de colones por ese extremo; b) que en el considerando VI, el juez, claramente indicó que se tenía derecho a ese daño por la angustia, ansiedad, intranquilidad, agobio, ira, rabia, impotencia, desagrado y malestar que sufrió el accionante, en razón de las llamadas recibidas durante horas; c) que en el considerando X se acreditó la frecuencia de las llamadas y que la prueba de grabación de llamadas constituye prueba lícita que, en relación al considerando XIV se demostró que la tranquilidad del actor fue vulnerada para presionarlo a consumir productos y servicios financieros; d) los daños a la personalidad del actor fueron probados, pues fueron hechos a través de llamadas identificadas como “privadas”, cuando en ese momento, él esperaba una llamada urgente pues esperaba la comunicación del nacimiento de su hijo, que incluso tenía permiso patronal para contestar esas llamadas, que ese daño fue demostrado por los testigos y que no se valoró la condición económica del banco accionado; e) que cinco millones de colones constituye un absurdo, si se valoran los efectos del tortuoso camino judicial que ha tenido que atravesar el actor, sobre todo porque él nunca brindó su número de teléfono a la accionada y fue ella quien lo obtuvo sin su consentimiento. La accionada aduce: a) que las grabaciones de llamadas telefónicas deben ser valoradas como prueba espuria, pues de ellas no se extrae relación causal que deba ser imputable a la accionada por el daño causado; b) que no existe el nexo de causalidad requerido por el numeral 1045 del Código Civil, dado que el actor no aportó prueba del daño causado; c) que no puede ser un hecho relevante la frecuencia de las llamadas realizadas y que no se ejecutaron por la accionada o sus operadores; d) que no existe forma de verificar la adecuada vigilancia sobre las empresas contratadas por la accionada, lo cual infringe el numeral 1048 ibídem, pues supuestamente habían directrices que establecían que una persona solo se le podía llamar más de una vez cada 45 días para ofrecer sus productos.\n\n IV.-RECURSO DE LA PARTE ACCIONADA. PRIMER AGRAVIO. LOS PREÁMBULOS DEL RECURSO. Identificado de esa forma, la parte accionante, plantea un preámbulo en el que reconoce la tutela de los derechos de la intimidad, más aduce que, producto de un Estado Social de Derecho, se hace necesario acreditar los elementos necesarios para probar el daño. Como primer agravio concreto, se cuestiona que, las grabaciones de llamadas aportadas constituyen prueba espuria porque: a) la persona que efectúo la llamada a nombre de la operadora, no dio su consentimiento para ser grabado por el actor, por lo que no puede ser aceptada la prueba como tal; b) que se requiere identificar adecuadamente a la persona que llama, esto a fin de ubicar en realidad que no es alguien que se está haciendo pasar por funcionario de la empresa, ello a tenor del numeral 317 del Código Procesal Civil; c) que se requiere –al tratarse de personas jurídicas-, poder verificar que la persona que llama identificándose como operador de esa sociedad, realmente lo es, pues de lo contrario cualquiera podría autodenominarse empleado de esa empresa. Aunque se reconoce que, de lo grabado, se extrae que el funcionario se identifica como agente de “Citi” no por ello se puede concluir esta circunstancia; d) que las grabaciones carecen de valor probatorio, pues fueron impugnadas desde la contestación de la demanda, cita como fundamento el Voto número 3308-94 de la Sala Constitucional, para aseverar que esas grabaciones nunca fueron reconocidas por la demandada, por lo que, se infringen los numerales 368 y 391 del Código Procesal Civil al admitirlos como pruebas. Los argumentos no son de recibo. De todos los reproches efectuados, a pesar de que se basan en la denominación de “prueba espuria”, ningunos de ellos se fundan en una violación al principio de defensa –como integral del debido proceso-, que conlleve el denegar valor probatorio a esa prueba. Por el contrario, todos los argumentos se basan en aspectos que giran en cuanto a la admisión de la prueba. Con respecto del consentimiento de la persona que hace la llamada para ser grabada, este aspecto solo puede ser reclamado por dicha persona, por infracción a un principio de intimidad, y no por la sociedad demandada quien no puede ser titular de un derecho personalísimo. Ahora bien, ante el cuestionamiento en torno a la intimidad que se hace, cabe preguntarse ¿adónde queda el derecho del consumidor o de la consumidora de no ser grabado, cuando es la empresa la quien graba la conversación? La tesis debe ser igualitaria tanto para el consumidor como para el agente económico, por lo que, nada obsta para que la persona que recibe llamadas de este tipo quiera registrarlas como un futuro elemento probatorio. En cuanto a la identificación de la persona que llama y su relación con la empresa, existe prueba fehaciente, que las personas que llamaban al actor se identificaban como operadores y operadoras de Citi. Al respecto, las grabaciones ofrecidas prueban esa circunstancia, por ende, correspondía a la parte accionada el probar que las llamadas no fueron realizadas por esos funcionarios (artículo 317, inciso 2°, ibídem), y ello no fue así. Por último, se aduce que las grabaciones no tienen valor probatorio, porque fueron impugnadas por la parte accionada. Esta tesis no es correcta, la impugnación no implica que las pruebas no pueden ser admitidas y sometidas al contradictorio de la fase demostrativa, los autos demuestran que las grabaciones formaban parte de las pruebas, por lo que, le correspondía a la accionada, una vez puestas en conocimiento, desvirtuarlas como elemento probatorio, sin embargo, ello no se efectúo, por lo que constituyen prueba documental válida dentro de la categoría de grabaciones (artículo 368 ibídem). \n\n V.- SEGUNDO AGRAVIO. LA CONFESIÓN FICTA. Citando los numerales 338 y 343 ibídem, y el Voto número 94-2003 de la Sección Segunda de este Tribunal, se alega que se le da un valor inapropiado a la confesión ficta del representante de la accionada. Específicamente, se señala que las preguntas números 3, 5, 6 y 12, se contradicen con lo declarado por [Nombre1], por lo que existe prueba en contrario. Con respecto a la pregunta 2, se afirma que dicha deponente declaró que la demandada cuenta con mecanismos de seguridad que le permiten limitar que las llamadas que se hagan a un cliente, se efectúen cada 45 días. En cuanto a la pregunta 11, se asevera que existe prueba del contrato suscrito con la empresa “Veracity” que demuestra que la base de datos obtenida para las llamadas es responsabilidad del proveedor del servicio. Que se valora en rebeldía las preguntas 7 y 13, para determinar la frecuencia de las llamadas, cuando en realidad, al responder a la pregunta número 21, la testigo [Nombre1] no pudo testificar que los números de los que había recibido llamadas el actor pertenecieran a Citi Tarjetas o Banco Citibank. Se alega que no se aportó registro de llamadas del ICE para verificar esto. Que no puede concluirse –de la respuesta en rebeldía a la pregunta número 14-, que el dominio de ciertas direcciones electrónicas de la accionada sea “@grupo-uno.com”, pues ello no es posible extraerlo de los correos que aportó el actor. Recalca que la testigo [Nombre1] indicó que no conocía esa dirección. Que de las preguntas 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 15 y 16, no es posible atribuir responsabilidad conjunta entre la accionada y los centros de llamadas “Call Centers”, máxime que existe la testimonial de [Nombre1] y las fotocopias de contratos aportados por la demandada. LOS ARGUMENTOS NO SON RECIBO. Se debe afirmar que muchos de los hechos cuestionados, se acreditaron no solo a través de la confesional en rebeldía del representante de la mercantil, sino a través de la prueba valorada en conjunto. Con respecto a las preguntas 2, 3, 5, 6 y 12, cuestionadas en cuanto a la regularidad de las llamadas realizadas por la demandada, ello fue acreditado a través de su grabación. Es cierto que la testigo [Nombre1] aduce que existe todo un sistema de control que permite solo hacer llamadas a un cliente cada 45 días, sin embargo, su testimonio se desvirtúa con las grabaciones citadas lo que acredita que ese protocolo se incumplió en este caso. El cuestionamiento en torno a la pregunta número 11, relativo a que la obtención de datos que permiten las llamadas son resorte del proveedor del servicio y no de la empresa accionada, tal y como se extrae del documento de folios 54 a 66, no exime de responsabilidad a la accionada, ello porque las grabaciones acreditan que, en todos los casos, los agentes ofrecían productos de la accionada, lo que no excluye la responsabilidad propia del despliegue de publicidad de sus productos que puede resultar angustiante para la persona consumidora. Las respuestas en rebeldía a las preguntas 7 y 13 son impugnadas, porque a la testigo [Nombre1] no le constaba que los números de los que hicieron llamadas pertenecieran a la accionada, se alega falta de prueba que acredite esto. Nuevamente, la parte accionada, pretende excluir la responsabilidad endilgándosela a los “call center”, cuando en realidad, es responsable de la agresividad de la publicidad ofrecida, más aún si valoramos que, a pesar de que el actor comunicó su deseo de que no lo continuaran llamando para ofrecer tarjetas o productos, ello se siguió haciendo. Las grabaciones de las llamadas muestran la insistencia en este aspecto. Se reprocha que se haya tenido por demostrado que, el actor, remitió comunicaciones a la dirección electrónica “@grupo-uno.com” para cesar las comunicaciones, cuando en realidad, la testimonial de la deponente [Nombre1] acredita que esa dirección no le consta que pertenezca a la accionada. Dicho reproche no se comparte, la documental fue ofrecida para mejor proveer y fue puesta en conocimiento de la accionada, y es a ella a la que le correspondía demostrar la aseveración anterior, la confesional en rebeldía y la documental, no es refutada con la declaración de la testigo, pues ella acotó que no le constaba, lo que se explica porque la testigo labora como gerente de canales alternos del área de ventas de la accionada; esto es, se relaciona con otro campo diverso al reclamo de clientes por comunicaciones no deseadas. Por ende, su testimonio, no puede ser un elemento para desconocer la documental y la confesión en rebeldía. Por último, las preguntas 1, 4, 8 ,9 ,10, 15 y 16, son rebatidas porque de éstas no se puede vincular la responsabilidad de la accionada con respecto a las llamadas hechas por el call center y se alega que la testigo [Nombre1] demuestra lo contrario. No es correcto este alegato. Dicha testimonial acredita la existencia de un vínculo negocial y de coordinación entre el banco y esas empresas, por ende, el banco no puede excluir su responsabilidad dado que el producto ofrecido y las políticas agresivas para su ofrecimiento son responsabilidad de la demandada como agente comercial. \n\n VI.- TERCER AGRAVIO. VIOLACIÓN A LOS NUMERALES [Telf1] [Placa1] [Telf2] [Placa2] CÓDIGO CIVIL. Con base a la primera disposición se aduce que no existe prueba de la negligencia e imprudencia de la accionada, pues no se logró demostrar que las llamadas fueran realizadas por Citi. La tesis no es de recibo, las llamadas telefónicas grabadas y la testimonial de [Nombre1], acreditan ese vínculo negocial entre el call center y la empresa bancaria, por lo que, no es necesario demostrar que los números telefónicos pertenecen a la accionada para derivar un nexo de causalidad que genere responsabilidad. Si la parte accionada, pretende esgrimir la defensa de que las llamadas fueron simuladas o practicadas por otras personas, debió aducir esto al contestar la demanda, sin embargo, las llamadas son claras en torno al producto ofrecido y la publicidad agresiva, cuya órbita es propia de una decisión comercial de la accionada. Se alega que no fue demostrada la frecuencia de las llamadas, este argumento según se explicó, se combate con la propia grabación de las llamadas, pues en ellas se extrae la continuidad y que, en todo momento, el accionante, recalca a la persona que lo llama que ha recibido una gran cantidad de ofertas y que no está interesado en el producto. Tampoco resulta violentado el numeral 1048 ibídem. La recurrente alega que, la testimonial de [Nombre1] demuestra todo un protocolo para prevenir una llamada a cada cliente 45 días después, por lo que no es posible, a través de la confesión en rebeldía demostrar el incumplimiento de ese protocolo. No compartimos el reproche, independientemente de este procedimiento, las pruebas demuestran como, las llamadas telefónicas tenían como finalidad el ofrecer, de forma agresiva para el consumidor, productos de la demandada y, el protocolo en cuestión, en este caso, de existir, no se cumplió, por lo que, no resulta un eximente la existencia de un procedimiento para contactar clientes, dado que, de todas formas se le generó un daño al accionante. Ello a pesar, de los argumentos de la accionada, en torno a la imposibilidad de vigilancia, no elimina la responsabilidad de la demandada, dado que, esa supuesta imposibilidad no fue demostrada por ella, lo que la hace deudora de los daños causados. \n\n VII.- RECURSO DE LA PARTE ACTORA. PRIMER AGRAVIO. LA CUANTIFICACIÓN DEL DAÑO. Se alega que, en el considerando VI, se incurre en una incongruencia, pues por un lado, se afirma que el accionante sufrió una molestia, angustia, ansiedad, intranquilidad, agobio, ira, rabia, impotencia, desagrado y malestar producto de las llamadas realizadas por la accionada. También que, en el considerando X se tuvo por demostrada la frecuencia de las llamadas, lo que generó la vulneración de la tranquilidad del accionante (considerando XIV). Que las llamadas fueron realizadas de un teléfono identificado como “privado”, lo que llevaba al accionante a atenderlas siempre, pues se encontraba esperando noticias en torno al nacimiento de su hijo primogénito, tal y como fue demostrado por la prueba testimonial. Que no se valoró la situación económica del banco demandado, pues se aduce que constituye uno de los grupos financieros más grandes del mundo y que resulta poco que se otorgue un millón de colones, a pesar del caminar tortuoso judicial que ha tenido que sufrir el actor. Los agravios son de recibo de forma parcial. Para el Tribunal es un hecho acreditado que el accionante sufrió llamadas agobiantes de operadores de call center, quienes le ofrecían productos del banco accionado, los que motivaron que él tuviera que decirles en múltiples oportunidades que cesaran de contactarlo pues no estaba interesado en ningún producto. A pesar de esto, la entidad accionada a través de esos operadores, siguió llamándolo para ofrecer sus facilidades en la obtención de productos. El a-quo tuvo por demostradas las frecuencias de esas llamadas y el daño sicológico y lo fija en la suma de un millón de colones, aduciendo que el monto pedido –cinco millones de colones es alto-, y que la suma otorgada busca un carácter ejemplarizante. El Tribunal no comparte esta premisa. La función de la tutela judicial efectiva del daño, regulada constitucionalmente en el artículo 41, es la de resarcir las conductas que provocan ese daño, no sancionarlas, dado que no nos encontramos en un supuesto de “daños punitivos” como si existen en las legislaciones de corte anglosajón. Es por esto, que la tesis de la función ejemplarizante del daño que utiliza el juez, no es un argumento válido para hacer su fijación. En el sub-júdice, lo que pide el accionante es un resarcimiento por la depresión, angustia, sentimientos de ira y agobio e intranquilidad provocadas por el gran número de llamadas recibidas por las distintas operadoras que ofrecían las tarjetas del banco accionado. Dichos sentimientos fueron demostrados a raíz de las probanzas recibidas en autos, es por esto que el Tribunal valora que el monto concedido para resarcir ese daño no corresponde a la gravedad de los hechos ocurridos. La experiencia nos lleva a valorar que, el verse sometido a campañas publicitarias agresivas a través de llamadas telefónicas, produce experiencias de frustración y angustia, máxime cuando –cómo sucede en este caso concreto-, la parte actora, no brindó su teléfono para ese efecto y, en cada llamada mostraba su disconformidad a que se continuara con ese ofrecimiento sin sentido de productos. Estas situaciones nos llevan a cuantificar el resarcimiento a que tiene derecho el actor en la suma de cuatro millones de colones. No compartimos los reproches en torno a la condición económica del banco, ni lo alargado del proceso judicial, para fijar un resarcimiento como el pretendido, pues esos aspectos no tienen un vínculo de causalidad con el daño reclamado en la demanda.”",
  "body_en_text": "**III.- THE APPELLANTS' GRIEVANCES. Arguments of the plaintiff:** The following is argued: a) it expresses disagreement with the moral damages (daño moral) awarded, since five million colones had been sought for that item; b) that in recital (considerando) VI, the judge clearly indicated that the right to that damage existed due to the anguish, anxiety, unease, overwhelm, anger, rage, impotence, displeasure, and discomfort suffered by the plaintiff, by reason of the calls received for hours; c) that in recital (considerando) X the frequency of the calls was proven and that the evidence of the call recording constitutes lawful evidence which, in relation to recital (considerando) XIV, demonstrated that the plaintiff’s peace of mind was violated to pressure him to consume financial products and services; d) the damages to the plaintiff’s personality were proven, as they were made through calls identified as “private,” at a time when he was expecting an urgent call because he was awaiting news of his son’s birth, for which he even had employer permission to answer those calls, that this damage was demonstrated by the witnesses and that the economic condition of the defendant bank was not evaluated; e) that five million colones constitutes an absurdity, if the effects of the tortuous judicial path that the plaintiff has had to traverse are valued, especially because he never gave his phone number to the defendant and it was the defendant who obtained it without his consent. **The defendant argues:** a) that the recordings of telephone calls must be assessed as spurious evidence (prueba espuria), since no causal link that should be attributable to the defendant for the damage caused can be extracted from them; b) that the causal nexus (nexo de causalidad) required by numeral 1045 of the Civil Code does not exist, given that the plaintiff did not provide evidence of the damage caused; c) that the frequency of the calls made cannot be a relevant fact and that they were not carried out by the defendant or its operators; d) that there is no way to verify adequate supervision over the companies contracted by the defendant, which infringes numeral 1048 ibidem, since there were supposedly directives that established that a person could only be called more than once every 45 days to offer their products.\n\n**IV.-APPEAL OF THE DEFENDANT. FIRST GRIEVANCE. THE PREAMBLES OF THE APPEAL.** Identified in that manner, the plaintiff presents a preamble in which it acknowledges the protection of privacy rights, but argues that, as a product of a Social State of Law, it is necessary to prove the elements necessary to prove the damage. As a first specific grievance, it is questioned that the call recordings provided constitute spurious evidence (prueba espuria) because: a) the person who made the call on behalf of the operator did not give their consent to be recorded by the plaintiff, therefore the evidence cannot be accepted as such; b) that the person calling must be adequately identified, in order to verify in reality that it is not someone impersonating an employee of the company, this pursuant to numeral 317 of the Code of Civil Procedure; c) that it is required –in the case of legal entities– to be able to verify that the person calling, identifying themselves as an operator of that company, really is one, since otherwise anyone could call themselves an employee of that company. Although it is acknowledged that, from the recording, it is extracted that the employee identifies themselves as a “Citi” agent, this circumstance cannot be concluded because of that; d) that the recordings lack evidentiary value, as they were challenged (impugnadas) since the filing of the answer to the complaint (contestación de la demanda), citing as grounds Voto 3308-94 of the Sala Constitucional, to assert that those recordings were never acknowledged by the defendant, and therefore, numerals 368 and 391 of the Code of Civil Procedure are infringed by admitting them as evidence. **The arguments are not receivable.** Of all the reproaches made, despite being based on the denomination of “spurious evidence (prueba espuria),” none of them are based on a violation of the principle of defense –as an integral part of due process– that entails denying evidentiary value to that evidence. On the contrary, all the arguments are based on aspects revolving around the admission of the evidence. Regarding the consent of the person making the call to be recorded, this aspect can only be claimed by said person, for infringement of a principle of privacy, and not by the defendant company, which cannot be the holder of a highly personal right. Now, regarding the question about privacy that is raised, it is worth asking, what about the right of the male or female consumer not to be recorded, when it is the company who records the conversation? The thesis must be egalitarian for both the consumer and the economic agent; therefore, nothing prevents the person who receives this type of call from wanting to record them as a future evidentiary element. Regarding the identification of the person calling and their relationship with the company, there is reliable evidence that the people calling the plaintiff identified themselves as male and female operators of Citi. In this regard, the recordings offered prove that circumstance; therefore, it was incumbent upon the defendant to prove that the calls were not made by those employees (article 317, subsection 2, ibidem), and this was not the case. Finally, it is argued that the recordings have no evidentiary value because they were challenged (impugnadas) by the defendant. This thesis is not correct; challenging does not imply that the evidence cannot be admitted and subjected to the adversarial examination of the evidentiary phase. The case file demonstrates that the recordings were part of the evidence; therefore, it was incumbent upon the defendant, once they were brought to its attention, to rebut them as an evidentiary element; however, this was not done, thus they constitute valid documentary evidence within the category of recordings (article 368 ibidem).\n\n**V.- SECOND GRIEVANCE. THE DEEMED CONFESSION (CONFESIÓN FICTA).** Citing numerals 338 and 343 ibidem, and Voto 94-2003 of the Second Section of this Court, it is alleged that an inappropriate value is given to the deemed confession (confesión ficta) of the defendant's representative. Specifically, it is noted that questions numbers 3, 5, 6, and 12 are contradicted by what was declared by [Nombre1], and therefore contrary evidence exists. With respect to question 2, it is stated that said deponent declared that the defendant has security mechanisms that allow it to limit calls made to a client to every 45 days. Regarding question 11, it is asserted that evidence exists of the contract signed with the company “Veracity” which demonstrates that the database obtained for the calls is the responsibility of the service provider. That questions 7 and 13 are assessed in default (rebel- ía) to determine the frequency of the calls, when in reality, when answering question number 21, witness [Nombre1] could not testify that the numbers from which the plaintiff had received calls belonged to Citi Tarjetas or Banco Citibank. It is alleged that no call log from ICE was provided to verify this. That it cannot be concluded –from the default answer to question number 14– that the domain of certain electronic addresses of the defendant is “@grupo-uno.com”, since this cannot be extracted from the emails provided by the plaintiff. It emphasizes that witness [Nombre1] indicated that she did not know that address. That from questions 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 16, it is not possible to attribute joint responsibility between the defendant and the “Call Centers,” especially since the testimony of [Nombre1] and the photocopies of contracts provided by the defendant exist. **THE ARGUMENTS ARE NOT RECEIVABLE.** It must be stated that many of the questioned facts were proven not only through the confessional evidence in default (confesional en rebeldía) of the commercial entity’s representative but also through the evidence evaluated as a whole. With respect to questions 2, 3, 5, 6, and 12, questioned regarding the regularity of the calls made by the defendant, this was proven through their recording. It is true that witness [Nombre1] claims that a comprehensive control system exists that allows only to call a client every 45 days; however, her testimony is refuted by the cited recordings, which prove that said protocol was breached in this case. The questioning regarding question number 11, concerning the fact that obtaining the data enabling the calls is the purview of the service provider and not the defendant company, as extracted from the document on folios 54 to 66, does not exempt the defendant from responsibility, because the recordings prove that, in all cases, the agents offered the defendant’s products, which does not exclude the responsibility inherent in the deployment of advertising for its products that can be distressing for the consumer. The default answers to questions 7 and 13 are challenged, because witness [Nombre1] could not certify that the numbers from which the calls were made belonged to the defendant; a lack of evidence to prove this is alleged. Once again, the defendant seeks to exclude responsibility by blaming the “call center,” when in reality, it is responsible for the aggressiveness of the advertising offered, even more so if we consider that, despite the plaintiff communicating his desire not to continue being called to offer cards or products, this continued to be done. The recordings of the calls show the insistence on this aspect. It is reproached that it was considered proven that the plaintiff sent communications to the electronic address “@grupo-uno.com” to cease communications, when in reality, the testimony of deponent [Nombre1] proves that she cannot certify that said address belongs to the defendant. This reproach is not shared; the documentary evidence was offered for better provision (para mejor proveer) and was brought to the defendant’s attention, and it was the defendant’s responsibility to prove the previous assertion; the confessional in default and the documentary evidence are not refuted by the witness’s statement, because she noted that she could not certify it, which is explained because the witness works as the alternative channels manager in the defendant’s sales area; that is, related to a field different from customer complaints for unwanted communications. Therefore, her testimony cannot be an element to disregard the documentary evidence and the confession in default. Finally, questions 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 16 are rebutted because from them the responsibility of the defendant regarding the calls made by the call center cannot be linked, and it is alleged that witness [Nombre1] proves the contrary. This allegation is not correct. Said testimony proves the existence of a business and coordination link between the bank and those companies; therefore, the bank cannot exclude its responsibility given that the product offered and the aggressive policies for its offering are the responsibility of the defendant as a commercial agent.\n\n**VI.- THIRD GRIEVANCE. VIOLATION OF NUMERALS [Telf1] [Placa1] [Telf2] [Placa2] OF THE CIVIL CODE.** Based on the first provision, it is argued that there is no evidence of the defendant's negligence and imprudence, since it could not be demonstrated that the calls were made by Citi. The thesis is not receivable; the recorded telephone calls and the testimony of [Nombre1] prove that business link between the call center and the banking company, and therefore, it is not necessary to demonstrate that the telephone numbers belong to the defendant to derive a causal nexus that generates responsibility. If the defendant intends to wield the defense that the calls were simulated or made by other people, it should have alleged this when answering the complaint; however, the calls are clear regarding the product offered and the aggressive advertising, the sphere of which is inherent to a commercial decision of the defendant. It is alleged that the frequency of the calls was not demonstrated; this argument, as explained, is countered by the recording of the calls themselves, since their continuity can be extracted from them, and that the plaintiff, at all times, emphasizes to the person calling him that he has received a large number of offers and is not interested in the product. Numeral 1048 ibidem is not violated either. The appellant alleges that the testimony of [Nombre1] demonstrates a complete protocol to prevent calling a client again until 45 days later, such that it is not possible, through the deemed confession, to demonstrate the breach of that protocol. We do not share the reproach; regardless of this procedure, the evidence shows how the telephone calls aimed to offer, in a manner aggressive to the consumer, the defendant's products, and the protocol in question, in this case, if it existed, was not complied with. Therefore, the existence of a procedure to contact clients does not constitute an exemption, given that, in any case, damage was caused to the plaintiff. This is despite the defendant's arguments regarding the impossibility of supervision; this does not eliminate the defendant's responsibility, given that said supposed impossibility was not demonstrated by it, making it liable for the damages caused.\n\n**VII.- APPEAL OF THE PLAINTIFF. FIRST GRIEVANCE. THE QUANTIFICATION OF THE DAMAGE.** It is alleged that, in recital (considerando) VI, an incongruence is incurred, since, on one hand, it is stated that the plaintiff suffered a nuisance, anguish, anxiety, unease, overwhelm, anger, rage, impotence, displeasure, and discomfort as a result of the calls made by the defendant. Also that, in recital (considerando) X, the frequency of the calls was considered proven, which generated the violation of the plaintiff’s peace of mind (recital (considerando) XIV). That the calls were made from a telephone identified as “private,” which led the plaintiff to always answer them, since he was waiting for news regarding the birth of his first-born son, as was demonstrated by the testimonial evidence. That the economic situation of the defendant bank was not taken into account, as it is argued that it constitutes one of the largest financial groups in the world and that awarding one million colones is insignificant, despite the tortuous judicial path that the plaintiff has had to endure. The grievances are partially receivable. For the Court, it is a proven fact that the plaintiff suffered overwhelming calls from call center operators, who offered him products of the defendant bank, which led him to have to tell them on multiple occasions to stop contacting him as he was not interested in any product. Despite this, the defendant entity, through those operators, continued to call him to offer its facilities for obtaining products. The lower court (a-quo) considered the frequencies of those calls and the psychological damage proven, and fixes it at the sum of one million colones, arguing that the amount requested –five million colones is high– and that the sum awarded seeks an exemplary character. The Court does not share this premise. The function of effective judicial protection against damage, constitutionally regulated in article 41, is to compensate the conduct causing that damage, not to sanction it, given that we are not in a situation of “punitive damages” as they exist in Anglo-Saxon legal systems. It is for this reason that the thesis of the exemplary function of the damage used by the judge is not a valid argument for fixing it. In the sub júdice, what the plaintiff requests is compensation for the depression, anguish, feelings of anger, overwhelm, and unease caused by the large number of calls received from the various operators offering the defendant bank’s cards. Said feelings were demonstrated based on the evidence received in the case file; it is for this reason that the Court assesses that the amount awarded to compensate that damage does not correspond to the severity of the events that occurred. Experience leads us to assess that being subjected to aggressive advertising campaigns through telephone calls produces experiences of frustration and anguish, especially when –as occurs in this specific case– the plaintiff did not provide his phone number for that purpose and, in each call, expressed his disagreement with continuing that senseless offering of products. These situations lead us to quantify the compensation to which the plaintiff is entitled at the sum of four million colones. We do not share the reproaches regarding the bank’s economic condition, nor the lengthiness of the judicial process, to fix compensation as sought, since those aspects do not have a causal link (vínculo de causalidad) with the damage claimed in the complaint.”\n\nIt is reproached that it was deemed demonstrated that the plaintiff sent communications to the email address </span><a href=\"mailto:\\\" style=\"text-decoration:none\"><span style=\"font-family:Arial; text-decoration:underline; color:#0000ff\">“@grupo-uno.com</span></a><span style=\"font-family:Arial\">” to cease communications, when in reality, the witness testimony of deponent [Nombre1] proves that she cannot attest that this address belongs to the defendant. This reproach is not shared; the documentary evidence was offered \"para mejor proveer\" and was brought to the attention of the defendant, and it was up to her to prove the previous assertion. The confession in default and the documentary evidence are not refuted by the witness's statement, since she noted that she could not attest to it, which is explained because the witness works as the alternate channels manager for the defendant's sales area; that is, she is related to a field different from customer complaints regarding unwanted communications. Therefore, her testimony cannot be an element to disregard the documentary evidence and the confession in default. Lastly, questions 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 16 are rebutted because they cannot link the defendant's responsibility to the calls made by the call center, and it is alleged that witness [Nombre1] demonstrates the contrary. This allegation is not correct. Said witness testimony proves the existence of a business and coordination link between the bank and those companies; therefore, the bank cannot exclude its responsibility given that the product offered and the aggressive policies for its offering are the responsibility of the defendant as a commercial agent. </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:150%; font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">VI.- THIRD GRIEVANCE. VIOLATION OF NUMERALS [Telf1] [Placa1] [Telf2] [Placa2] CIVIL CODE. </span><span style=\"font-family:Arial\">Based on the first provision, it is argued that there is no proof of the defendant's negligence and recklessness, as it was not possible to demonstrate that the calls were made by Citi. The thesis is not admissible; the recorded phone calls and the witness testimony of [Nombre1] prove this business link between the call center and the banking company; therefore, it is not necessary to demonstrate that the telephone numbers belong to the defendant to derive a causal link that generates responsibility. If the defendant intends to raise the defense that the calls were simulated or made by other persons, she should have argued this when answering the complaint; however, the calls are clear regarding the product offered and the aggressive advertising, the domain of which is proper to a commercial decision of the defendant. It is alleged that the frequency of the calls was not demonstrated; this argument, as explained, is combated with the recording of the calls themselves, since their continuity is extracted from them and that, at all times, the plaintiff emphasizes to the person calling him that he has received a large number of offers and is not interested in the product. Numeral 1048 ibidem is also not violated. The appellant alleges that the witness testimony of [Nombre1] demonstrates an entire protocol to prevent a call to each customer before 45 days, and that, therefore, it is not possible, through the confession in default, to demonstrate non-compliance with that protocol. We do not share the reproach; independently of this procedure, the evidence demonstrates how the telephone calls were intended to offer, in an aggressive manner to the consumer, the defendant's products, and the protocol in question, in this case, if it existed, was not followed; therefore, the existence of a procedure for contacting customers does not constitute an exemption, given that damage was caused to the plaintiff in any case. This is despite the defendant's arguments regarding the impossibility of surveillance; it does not eliminate the defendant's responsibility, given that this alleged impossibility was not demonstrated by her, which makes her liable for the damages caused.</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\"> </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:150%; font-size:14pt\"><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">VII.- APPEAL OF THE PLAINTIFF. FIRST GRIEVANCE. THE QUANTIFICATION OF DAMAGE. </span><span style=\"font-family:Arial\">It is alleged that, in Considerando VI, an inconsistency is incurred, because on one hand, it is affirmed that the plaintiff suffered nuisance, anguish, anxiety, restlessness, overwhelm, anger, rage, impotence, displeasure, and unease as a result of the calls made by the defendant. Also that, in Considerando X, the frequency of the calls was deemed demonstrated, which generated the violation of the plaintiff's tranquility (Considerando XIV). That the calls were made from a telephone identified as \"private,\" which led the plaintiff to always answer them, since he was waiting for news regarding the birth of his firstborn child, as was demonstrated by the witness evidence. That the economic situation of the defendant bank was not assessed, as it is argued that it constitutes one of the largest financial groups in the world and that granting one million colones is insufficient, despite the tortuous judicial path the plaintiff has had to endure. </span><span style=\"font-family:Arial; font-weight:bold\">The grievances are partially admissible. </span><span style=\"font-family:Arial\">For the Tribunal, it is an accredited fact that the plaintiff suffered overwhelming calls from call center operators, who offered him products of the defendant bank, which motivated him to have to tell them on multiple occasions to cease contacting him as he was not interested in any product. Despite this, the defendant entity, through those operators, continued calling him to offer its facilities for obtaining products. The a-quo deemed the frequency of those calls and the psychological damage proven and</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial\"> sets it at the sum of one million colones, arguing that the requested amount –five million colones is high-, and that the granted sum seeks an exemplary character. The Tribunal does not share this premise. The function of effective judicial protection for damage, constitutionally regulated in Article 41, is to</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial\">&#xa0;</span><span style=\"font-family:Arial\"> compensate the conducts that cause that damage, not to sanction them, given that we are not in a case of \"punitive damages\" as they exist in Anglo-Saxon legislations. This is why the thesis of the exemplary function of damages used by the judge is not a valid argument for its setting. In the sub-júdice, what the plaintiff requests is compensation for the depression, anguish, feelings of anger, overwhelm, and restlessness caused by the large number of calls received from the various operators offering the defendant bank's cards. Said feelings were demonstrated as a result of the evidence received in the proceedings; this is why the Tribunal assesses that the amount granted to compensate this damage does not correspond to the severity of the events that occurred. Experience leads us to assess that being subjected to aggressive advertising campaigns through phone calls produces experiences of frustration and anguish, especially when –as happened in this specific case-, the plaintiff did not provide his phone number for that purpose and, in each call, expressed his disagreement that this senseless offering of products continued. These situations lead us to quantify the compensation to which the plaintiff is entitled at the sum of four million colones. We do not share the reproaches regarding the bank's economic condition, nor the length of the judicial process, to set a compensation as requested, as those aspects do not have a causal link with the damage claimed in the complaint.”</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt\"><span>&#xa0;</span></p></div></body></html>\n\nThat reproach is not shared. The documentary evidence was offered for the better provision of the case and was made known to the defendant, and it was up to the defendant to demonstrate the foregoing assertion; the confession in default (confesional en rebeldía) and the documentary evidence are not refuted by the witness’s statement, since she noted that she had no knowledge of the matter, which is explained because the witness works as the alternative channels manager in the defendant’s sales area; that is, she is involved in a field separate from customer complaints regarding unwanted communications. Therefore, her testimony cannot be an element to disregard the documentary evidence and the confession in default (confesión en rebeldía). Finally, questions 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 16 are rebutted because the defendant’s liability regarding the calls made by the call center cannot be linked from them, and it is alleged that the witness [Nombre1] demonstrates otherwise. This allegation is not correct. Said testimony accredits the existence of a business and coordination link between the bank and those companies; therefore, the bank cannot exclude its liability since the product offered and the aggressive policies for offering it are the responsibility of the defendant as a commercial agent.\n\nVI.- THIRD GRIEVANCE. VIOLATION OF ARTICLES [Telf1] [Placa1] [Telf2] [Placa2] OF THE CIVIL CODE. Based on the first provision, it is argued that there is no proof of the defendant’s negligence or recklessness, since it was not shown that the calls were made by Citi. The thesis is not acceptable; the recorded telephone calls and the testimony of [Nombre1] accredit that business link between the call center and the banking company, such that it is not necessary to demonstrate that the telephone numbers belong to the defendant in order to derive a causal link that generates liability. If the defendant intended to raise the defense that the calls were simulated or made by other persons, it should have alleged this when answering the complaint; however, the calls are clear regarding the product offered and the aggressive advertising, the sphere of which belongs to a commercial decision of the defendant. It is alleged that the frequency of the calls was not demonstrated; this argument, as explained, is combated by the recordings of the calls themselves, since their continuity is extracted from them and because, at all times, the plaintiff emphasizes to the person calling him that he has received a large number of offers and that he is not interested in the product. Nor is Article 1048 ibid violated. The appellant alleges that the testimony of [Nombre1] demonstrates an entire protocol to prevent a call to each customer 45 days later, such that it is not possible, through the confession in default (confesión en rebeldía), to demonstrate noncompliance with that protocol. We do not share the reproach; regardless of this procedure, the evidence demonstrates that the telephone calls were intended to offer, in a manner aggressive to the consumer, the defendant’s products, and the protocol in question, in this case, if it existed, was not followed, such that the existence of a procedure for contacting customers does not serve as an exemption, given that, in any event, harm was caused to the plaintiff. This holds despite the defendant’s arguments regarding the impossibility of monitoring; such impossibility does not eliminate the defendant’s liability, given that this alleged impossibility was not demonstrated by the defendant, which renders it liable for the damages caused.\n\nVII.- APPEAL OF THE PLAINTIFF. FIRST GRIEVANCE. THE QUANTIFICATION OF DAMAGES. It is alleged that, in recital (Considerando) VI, an inconsistency is incurred, because on the one hand, it is stated that the plaintiff suffered annoyance, anguish, anxiety, unease, overwhelm, anger, rage, impotence, displeasure, and discomfort as a result of the calls made by the defendant. Also that, in recital (Considerando) X, the frequency of the calls was deemed proven, which generated a violation of the plaintiff’s tranquility (recital (Considerando) XIV). That the calls were made from a telephone identified as “private,” which always led the plaintiff to answer them, since he was awaiting news regarding the birth of his firstborn son, as was demonstrated by the testimonial evidence. That the economic situation of the defendant bank was not assessed, since it is argued that it constitutes one of the largest financial groups in the world and that awarding one million colones is insufficient, despite the tortuous judicial journey the plaintiff has had to endure. The grievances are partially accepted. For the Tribunal, it is an accredited fact that the plaintiff suffered overwhelming calls from call center operators, who offered him products of the defendant bank, which prompted him to have to tell them on multiple occasions to cease contacting him since he was not interested in any product. Despite this, the defendant entity, through those operators, continued calling him to offer its facilities in obtaining products. The trial court deemed the frequencies of those calls and the psychological and harm proven, and fixes it in the sum of one million colones, arguing that the amount requested – five million colones is high – and that the sum awarded seeks an exemplary character. The Tribunal does not share this premise. The function of effective judicial protection regarding harm, constitutionally regulated in Article 41, is to compensate the conduct that causes that harm, not to sanction it, given that we are not in a scenario of “punitive damages” as they exist in Anglo-Saxon legal systems. This is why the thesis of the exemplary function of damages used by the judge is not a valid argument for its determination. In the case at bar (sub-júdice), what the plaintiff seeks is compensation for the depression, anguish, feelings of anger and overwhelm, and unease caused by the large number of calls received from the various operators offering the defendant bank’s cards. Said feelings were demonstrated as a result of the evidence received in the record, which is why the Tribunal assesses that the amount granted to compensate that harm does not correspond to the severity of the occurred facts. Experience leads us to assess that being subjected to aggressive advertising campaigns through telephone calls produces experiences of frustration and anguish, especially when – as occurs in this specific case – the plaintiff did not provide his telephone number for that purpose and, in each call, expressed his disagreement with the continued, senseless offering of products. These situations lead us to quantify the compensation to which the plaintiff is entitled in the sum of four million colones. We do not share the reproaches regarding the bank’s economic condition, nor the length of the judicial process, for setting a compensation as sought, since those aspects have no causal link with the harm claimed in the complaint.”"
}