{
  "id": "nexus-sen-1-0007-335018",
  "citation": "Res. 01468-2006 Sala Constitucional",
  "section": "nexus_decisions",
  "doc_type": "constitutional_decision",
  "title_es": "Derecho al agua potable frente a dilación administrativa de ASADA",
  "title_en": "Right to Potable Water vs. Administrative Delay by Rural Aqueduct Association",
  "summary_es": "La Sala Constitucional conoció un recurso de amparo interpuesto a favor de un adulto mayor con problemas de salud, a quien la Asociación Administradora del Acueducto Rural de Floralía de Puriscal (ASADA) le negaba el servicio de agua potable, alegando escasez y falta de capacidad. La Sala reiteró que el derecho al agua potable es un derecho fundamental derivado del derecho a la salud (artículo 21 de la Constitución Política), reconocido en instrumentos internacionales y en la legislación nacional (Ley General de Agua Potable, Ley Constitutiva del AyA, Ley General de Salud). Si bien este derecho tiene una realización progresiva, ello no impide su exigibilidad cuando existen condiciones razonables para brindar el servicio. La Asamblea General de la ASADA ya había aprobado la solicitud, pero la Junta Directiva dilataba su aprobación definitiva. La Sala consideró que la dilación innecesaria vulneraba el derecho fundamental del amparado y declaró con lugar el recurso, ordenando a la ASADA iniciar de inmediato el trámite de instalación, previo pago de los derechos de conexión y realización de obras a cargo del interesado. También notificó la sentencia al Gerente del AyA para que tomara conocimiento de la situación y previera soluciones.",
  "summary_en": "The Constitutional Chamber reviewed an amparo filed on behalf of an elderly man with health problems who was denied potable water service by the Floralía de Puriscal Rural Aqueduct Association (ASADA), which cited scarcity and limited capacity. The Chamber reiterated that the right to potable water is a fundamental right derived from the right to health (Article 21 of the Political Constitution), recognized in international instruments and domestic laws. Although this right is subject to progressive realization, it remains enforceable when conditions are reasonable. The ASADA's General Assembly had already approved the request, but the Board of Directors delayed final approval. The Chamber found that the unnecessary delay violated the petitioner's fundamental right and granted the amparo, ordering the ASADA to immediately begin the connection process, subject to payment of connection fees and completion of works by the petitioner. The ruling was also notified to the AyA General Manager to address the underlying water scarcity issue.",
  "court_or_agency": "Sala Constitucional",
  "date": "10/02/2006",
  "year": "2006",
  "topic_ids": [
    "water-law",
    "_off-topic"
  ],
  "primary_topic_id": "water-law",
  "es_concept_hints": [
    "ASADA",
    "amparo",
    "derecho a la salud",
    "Protocolo de San Salvador",
    "AyA",
    "paja de agua"
  ],
  "article_citations": [],
  "keywords_es": [
    "agua potable",
    "derecho a la salud",
    "ASADA",
    "amparo",
    "derechos fundamentales",
    "servicio público",
    "dilación administrativa",
    "AyA",
    "Protocolo de San Salvador",
    "Constitución Política",
    "adulto mayor",
    "conexión de agua"
  ],
  "keywords_en": [
    "potable water",
    "right to health",
    "rural aqueduct association",
    "amparo",
    "fundamental rights",
    "public service",
    "administrative delay",
    "AyA",
    "Protocol of San Salvador",
    "Political Constitution",
    "elderly",
    "water connection"
  ],
  "excerpt_es": "De modo que la consideración primera para la decisión de este asunto es que la carencia de agua potable constituye un problema de derechos fundamentales, siendo el abastecimiento del líquido un servicio esencial por su nexo con el derecho a la salud y su carácter público, reconocido por el derecho positivo costarricense, concretamente, en la Ley General de Agua Potable (artículos 1º y 2º), la Ley Constitutiva del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (artículos 1º y 2º), la Ley General de Salud (artículos 266 y 267) y la Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora de los Servicios Públicos (artículo 5º). En este sentido, la innecesaria dilación en que ha incurrido la Asociación administradora recurrida para pronunciarse definitivamente sobre la gestión del tutelado, pone en entredicho ese derecho fundamental.",
  "excerpt_en": "Therefore, the primary consideration for the decision in this matter is that the lack of potable water constitutes a fundamental rights problem, as water supply is an essential service due to its link to the right to health and its public nature, recognized by Costa Rican positive law, specifically in the General Potable Water Law (Articles 1 and 2), the Constitutive Law of the Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers (Articles 1 and 2), the General Health Law (Articles 266 and 267), and the Law of the Regulatory Authority for Public Services (Article 5). In this regard, the unnecessary delay incurred by the respondent Administrative Association in definitively ruling on the petitioner's request calls this fundamental right into question.",
  "outcome": {
    "label_en": "Granted",
    "label_es": "Con lugar",
    "summary_en": "The amparo was granted, the ASADA was ordered to immediately begin the potable water service connection process, subject to payment of connection fees and completion of works by the petitioner.",
    "summary_es": "Se declaró con lugar el amparo y se ordenó a la ASADA iniciar de inmediato el trámite de instalación del servicio de agua potable, previo pago de los derechos de conexión y realización de obras a cargo del interesado."
  },
  "pull_quotes": [
    {
      "context": "Considerando II (citando Voto 2003-04654)",
      "quote_en": "The Chamber recognizes, as part of Constitutional Law, a fundamental right to potable water, derived from the fundamental rights to health, life, a healthy environment, food, and decent housing, among others.",
      "quote_es": "La Sala reconoce, como parte del Derecho de la Constitución, un derecho fundamental al agua potable, derivado de los derechos fundamentales a la salud, la vida, al medio ambiente sano, a la alimentación y la vivienda digna, entre otros."
    },
    {
      "context": "Considerando II (citando Voto 2003-04654)",
      "quote_en": "it cannot be held that any individual has an immediately enforceable right for the State to provide potable water service anywhere, but rather... these rights obligate States to adopt measures... to the maximum of available resources... to progressively achieve full effectiveness of the rights.",
      "quote_es": "no puede sostenerse la titularidad de un derecho exigible por cualquier individuo para que el Estado le suministre el servicio público de agua potable, en forma inmediata y dondequiera que sea, sino que... esta clase de derechos obligan a los Estados a adoptar medidas... hasta el máximo de los recursos disponibles... a fin de lograr progresivamente... la plena efectividad de los derechos."
    },
    {
      "context": "Considerando II (citando Voto 2003-04654)",
      "quote_en": "This cannot be interpreted to mean that the fundamental right to public services lacks concrete enforceability; on the contrary, when the State should reasonably provide them, right-holders can demand them, and public authorities... cannot hide behind alleged lack of resources.",
      "quote_es": "De esto tampoco puede interpretarse que ese derecho fundamental a los servicios públicos no tenga exigibilidad concreta; por el contrario, cuando razonablemente el Estado deba brindarlos, los titulares del derecho pueden exigirlo y no pueden las administraciones públicas... escudarse en presuntas carencias de recursos."
    }
  ],
  "cites": [
    {
      "id": "norm-26314",
      "citation": "Ley 7593",
      "title_en": "Public Services Regulatory Authority Law",
      "title_es": "Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora de los Servicios Públicos (ARESEP)",
      "doc_type": "law",
      "date": "09/08/1996",
      "year": "1996"
    },
    {
      "id": "norm-6581",
      "citation": "Ley 5395",
      "title_en": "General Health Law",
      "title_es": "Ley General de Salud",
      "doc_type": "law",
      "date": "30/10/1973",
      "year": "1973"
    },
    {
      "id": "norm-6825",
      "citation": "Ley 1634",
      "title_en": "General Drinking Water Law",
      "title_es": "Ley General de Agua Potable",
      "doc_type": "law",
      "date": "18/09/1953",
      "year": "1953"
    }
  ],
  "cited_by": [
    {
      "id": "nexus-sen-1-0007-242094",
      "citation": "Res. 04654-2003 Sala Constitucional",
      "title_en": "Fundamental right to drinking water — duty of supply",
      "title_es": "Derecho fundamental al agua potable — deber de suministro",
      "doc_type": "constitutional_decision",
      "date": "27/05/2003",
      "year": "2003"
    },
    {
      "id": "norm-26314",
      "citation": "Ley 7593",
      "title_en": "Public Services Regulatory Authority Law",
      "title_es": "Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora de los Servicios Públicos (ARESEP)",
      "doc_type": "law",
      "date": "09/08/1996",
      "year": "1996"
    },
    {
      "id": "norm-6581",
      "citation": "Ley 5395",
      "title_en": "General Health Law",
      "title_es": "Ley General de Salud",
      "doc_type": "law",
      "date": "30/10/1973",
      "year": "1973"
    },
    {
      "id": "norm-6825",
      "citation": "Ley 1634",
      "title_en": "General Drinking Water Law",
      "title_es": "Ley General de Agua Potable",
      "doc_type": "law",
      "date": "18/09/1953",
      "year": "1953"
    }
  ],
  "references": {
    "internal": [],
    "external": []
  },
  "source_url": "https://nexuspj.poder-judicial.go.cr/document/sen-1-0007-335018",
  "tier": 2,
  "is_environmental": true,
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    {
      "doc_id": "norm-6581",
      "norm_num": "5395",
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      "doc_id": "norm-6825",
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      "norm_name": "Ley General de Agua Potable",
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  "body_es_text": "*050132450007CO*\n\n*050132450007CO*\n\nExp: 05-013245-0007-CO \n\nRes. Nº 2006-001468 \n\nSALA CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA CORTE SUPREMA DE JUSTICIA. San José, a las once horas y cincuenta y seis minutos del diez de febrero del dos mil seis.\n\nRecurso de amparo interpuesto por Nombre01, mayor, casada, portadora de la cédula de identidad número CED01, vecina de San Rafael de Puriscal, a favor de Nombre02, cédula de identidad número CED02, contra el Acueducto Rural de Floralía de Puriscal.\n\nResultando:\n\n1.- Por escrito recibido en la Secretaría de la Sala a las 13:05 horas del 13 de octubre del 2005, la recurrente manifiesta que su padre, el amparado, tiene diversos problemas de salud y es un adulto mayor. Que actualmente vive solo en una casa que le construyeron personas de buena voluntad, en un terreno prestado por un amigo. Sin embargo, tiene que caminar doscientos metros en un terreno difícil para él, para acceder a agua potable, pues el Presidente del Acueducto Rural de Floralía se niega a prestarle el servicio, aduciendo escasez. Solicita la recurrente que se suministre el servicio de agua potable a su padre.\n\n2.- Informa bajo juramento Marco Tulio Cubillo Sanabria, en su calidad de Presidente de la Asociación Administradora del Acueducto Rural de Floralia de Puriscal (folio 12), que ese acueducto es una obra con capacidad de abastecimiento limitada. Fue construido en 1910 con una cabida máxima de cincuenta abonados, ya que las fuentes de abastecimiento son pequeñas. Reiteradamente se ha informado de esta situación al Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, pero no se ha obtenido respuesta todavía. Actualmente tienen setenta y cinco abonados, que exigen el servicio todos los días, las veinticuatro horas. En la época de verano es imposible cumplir esta expectativa. La Asociación administradora del acueducto carece de medios económicos para ampliar la capacidad del mismo. La solicitud escrita del amparado fue conocida el 4 de setiembre de 2005. Verbalmente se había conocido el 29 de julio, también de este año. En ambos casos fue aprobada por la Asamblea General. Resta la aquiescencia de la Junta Directiva, programada para el 17 de setiembre, pero al haber renunciado la Secretaria de la Asociación no se confeccionó agenda que incluyera la gestión. Manifestó el informante que se compromete a llevar el caso ante Junta Directiva en su próxima reunión, prevista para el 13 de noviembre y a efectuar la conexión, una vez que se cancele el monto que corresponde. Esto, debido a que cuando el interesado formuló su solicitud se le apercibió que los requisitos pertinentes eran pago del derecho de conexión, plano de la finca y estudio registral o copia de la escritura donde se instalaría la conexión. Por su situación, solamente se le exigió el primero, que a la fecha no ha sido satisfecho. El interesado debe, también, destapar el tubo madre en la sección donde se realiza la conexión, en una longitud de tres metros y aportar los accesorios necesarios para la instalación. En cumplimiento de la medida cautelar de este recurso se instaló al amparado una paja de agua pública en un sitio más accesible para él. Solicita que se desestime el recurso planteado.\n\n3.- En los procedimientos seguidos se ha observado las prescripciones legales.\n\nRedacta el Magistrado Armijo Sancho; y,\n\nConsiderando:\n\nI.- Hechos probados. De importancia para la decisión de este asunto, se estiman como debidamente demostrados los siguientes hechos, sea porque así han sido acreditados o bien porque el recurrido haya omitido referirse a ellos según lo prevenido en el auto inicial:\n\na) que el amparado solicitó desde julio de 2005 se le prestara el servicio de agua potable a la Asociación accionada (folio 13);\n\nb) que la solicitud fue aprobada por la Asamblea General de la Asociación (folios 13 y 20);\n\nc) que a la fecha en que se rindió el informe -10 de noviembre de 2005- la Junta Directiva de la Asociación recurrida no había conocido de la solicitud del amparado, requisito para su aprobación definitiva (folios 13 y 14);\n\nd) que a la fecha en que se rindió el informe el actor no había cancelado el derecho de conexión del servicio de agua potable (folio 14).\n\nII.- Sobre el fondo. Este Tribunal ya ha estipulado en anteriores ocasiones que, uno de los derivados del derecho a la salud –artículo 21 de la Constitución Política- es el derecho a contar con suministro de agua potable. En la sentencia #2003-04654 de las 15:44 horas del 27 de mayo del 2003 se indicó en relación con este tema: \n\n“V.- La Sala reconoce, como parte del Derecho de la Constitución, un derecho fundamental al agua potable, derivado de los derechos fundamentales a la salud, la vida, al medio ambiente sano, a la alimentación y la vivienda digna, entre otros, tal como ha sido reconocido también en instrumentos internacionales sobre Derechos Humanos aplicables en Costa Rica: así, figura explícitamente en la Convención sobre la Eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación contra la mujer (art. 14) y la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño (art. 24); además, se enuncia en la Conferencia Internacional sobre Población y el Desarrollo de El Cairo (principio 2), y se declara en otros numerosos del Derecho Internacional Humanitario. En nuestro Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, el país se encuentra particularmente obligado en esta materia por lo dispuesto en el artículo 11.1 del Protocolo Adicional a la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos en Materia de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales (\"Protocolo de San Salvador\" de 1988), el cual dispone que: \n\n“Artículo 11. Derecho a un medio ambiente sano 1. Toda persona tiene derecho a vivir en un medio ambiente sano y a contar con servicios públicos básicos”. \n\nAdemás, recientemente, el Comité de Derechos Económicos, Culturales y Sociales de la ONU reiteró que disponer de agua es un derecho humano que, además de ser imprescindible para llevar una vida saludable, es un requisito para la realización de todos los demás derechos humanos. \n\nVI.- Del anterior marco normativo se deriva una serie de derechos fundamentales ligados a la obligación del Estado de brindar los servicios públicos básicos, que implican, por una parte, que no puede privarse ilegítimamente de ellos a las personas, pero que, como en el caso del agua potable, no puede sostenerse la titularidad de un derecho exigible por cualquier individuo para que el Estado le suministre el servicio público de agua potable, en forma inmediata y dondequiera que sea, sino que, en la forma prevista en el mismo Protocolo de San Salvador, esta clase de derechos obligan a los Estados a adoptar medidas, conforme lo dispone el artículo primero del mismo Protocolo: \n\n“Los Estados Partes en el presente Protocolo Adicional a la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos se comprometen a adoptar las medidas necesarias tanto de orden interno como mediante la cooperación entre los Estados, especialmente económica y técnica, hasta el máximo de los recursos disponibles y tomando en cuenta su grado de desarrollo, a fin de lograr progresivamente, y de conformidad con la legislación interna, la plena efectividad de los derechos que se reconocen en el presente Protocolo”. \n\nDe esto tampoco puede interpretarse que ese derecho fundamental a los servicios públicos no tenga exigibilidad concreta; por el contrario, cuando razonablemente el Estado deba brindarlos, los titulares del derecho pueden exigirlo y no pueden las administraciones públicas o, en su caso, los particulares que los presten en su lugar, escudarse en presuntas carencias de recursos, que ha sido la secular excusa pública para justificar el incumplimiento de sus cometidos. \n\nVII.- En el caso de la amparada, su terreno es declarado idóneo para vivienda, por las instituciones públicas competentes (v. folios 5 y 6) y las actuales condiciones técnicas y la falta de adopción de medidas oportunas por parte de la Empresa pública que tiene encomendado el suministro del agua potable en la zona, han conducido al rechazo de la solicitud del servicio, lo cual, en un corto plazo, exige una solución oportuna, para no hacer nugatorio su derecho fundamental a ese servicio básico. En casos similares, la Sala ha considerado, por ejemplo, que: \n\n“El derecho al abastecimiento de agua potable, como servicio público estrechamente vinculado al derecho a la salud y al de propiedad, entre otros, no puede ser negado, como en el presente caso, por la inercia de la Administración, o, en este caso, del Comité al cual aquella ha delegado la administración del Acueducto, incluso, aunque se trate de una paja para fumigar el café y darle uso esporádico para habitación. Es evidente que el Comité no está cumpliendo sus cometidos ya que, según lo afirma el recurrido para negar la discriminación alegada por el amparado, desde hace tres años no se otorgan pajas de agua. Por lo anterior, el Comité deberá señalar al recurrente cuáles requisitos ha omitido cumplir en su solicitud y una vez que los cumpla, le otorgue la paja de agua”(Sentencia #2002-10776 de las 14.41 horas del 14 de noviembre del 2002).” \n\nDe modo que la consideración primera para la decisión de este asunto es que la carencia de agua potable constituye un problema de derechos fundamentales, siendo el abastecimiento del líquido un servicio esencial por su nexo con el derecho a la salud y su carácter público, reconocido por el derecho positivo costarricense, concretamente, en la Ley General de Agua Potable (artículos 1º y 2º), la Ley Constitutiva del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (artículos 1º y 2º), la Ley General de Salud (artículos 266 y 267) y la Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora de los Servicios Públicos (artículo 5º). En este sentido, la innecesaria dilación en que ha incurrido la Asociación administradora recurrida para pronunciarse definitivamente sobre la gestión del tutelado, pone en entredicho ese derecho fundamental. Si bien se alega que hay escasez del líquido, la solicitud del actor fue acogida por la Asamblea General del ente. Asimismo, lo lógico es que el obstáculo del pago de los derechos de conexión y realización de obras a cargo del interesado se levante una vez obtenida la respuesta afirmativa de la prestación del servicio. Procede, en consecuencia, la estimatoria del amparo, ordenando al Presidente de la administradora del acueducto disponer lo necesario para que inicie, de inmediato y se desarrolle con la mayor rapidez posible, el trámite de instalación del servicio de agua potable al amparado, previo pago de los derechos de conexión y realización de las obras que quedan a cargo del interesado. Mientras la conexión no se efectúe, debe mantenerse la paja pública actualmente instalada.\n\nIII.- Recordando que en el ordenamiento jurídico costarricense el ente rector en materia de agua potable, creado como institución autónoma con el fin de llenar ese cometido, es el Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (sentencia de esta Sala #2000-09051, de las 10:18 horas del 13 de octubre de 2000 y artículos 1º, 2º y 21 de su Ley Constitutiva; 33 y 41 de la Ley de Aguas; y 2º, 3º y 4º de la Ley General de Agua Potable), y ante la queja de los accionados de haber expuesto ante el ente el problema que aqueja el acueducto de desabastecimiento, sin haber obtenido respuesta alguna, considera la Sala necesario notificar esta sentencia al Gerente del Instituto, con el fin de que tenga conocimiento de la situación y puedan preverse con anticipación las soluciones cuya definición le compete.\n\nPor tanto:\n\nSe declara con lugar el recurso. Se ordena a Marco Tulio Cubillo Sanabria, Presidente de la Asociación Administradora del Acueducto Rural de Floralia de Puriscal, o a quien tenga sus mismos poderes de actuación, disponer lo necesario para que inicie, de inmediato y se desarrolle con la mayor rapidez posible, el trámite de instalación del servicio de agua potable al amparado, previo pago de los derechos de conexión y realización de las obras que quedan a cargo del interesado. Mientras la conexión no se efectúe debe mantenerse la paja pública actualmente instalada. Se condena a la Asociación Administradora del Acueducto Rural de Floralia de Puriscal al pago de las costas, daños y perjuicios ocasionados, los cuales se liquidarán en ejecución de sentencia de lo civil. Se advierte a Marco Tulio Cubillo Sanabria, Presidente de la Asociación Administradora del Acueducto Rural de Floralia de Puriscal, o a quien tenga sus mismos poderes de actuación, que, de conformidad con el artículo 71 de la Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, se impondrá prisión de tres meses a dos años, o de veinte a sesenta días multa, a quien recibiere una orden que deba cumplir o hacer cumplir, dictada en un recurso de amparo y no la cumpliere o no la hiciere cumplir, siempre que el delito no esté más gravemente penado. Notifíquese al recurrido, o a quien ostente iguales poderes o cargos, la presente resolución EN FORMA PERSONAL. Notifíquese esta sentencia al Gerente del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados. Comuníquese.-\n\nNombre03. \n\nPresidente \n\nGilbert Armijo S. Ernesto Jinesta L. \n\nFernando Cruz C. Teresita Rodríguez A. \n\nRosa María Abdelnour G. Jorge Araya G. \n\nkaf",
  "body_en_text": "*050132450007CO*\n\n*050132450007CO*\n\nExp: 05-013245-0007-CO\n\nRes. Nº 2006-001468\n\nCONSTITUTIONAL CHAMBER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE. San José, at eleven hours and fifty-six minutes on February tenth, two thousand six.\n\nAmparo action filed by Nombre01, of legal age, married, bearer of identity card number CED01, resident of San Rafael de Puriscal, on behalf of Nombre02, identity card number CED02, against the Acueducto Rural de Floralía de Puriscal.\n\nResultando:\n\n1.- By a document received at the Secretariat of the Chamber at 13:05 hours on October 13, 2005, the petitioner states that her father, the amparado, has various health problems and is an older adult. That he currently lives alone in a house built for him by people of good will, on land lent by a friend. However, he has to walk two hundred meters over terrain that is difficult for him to access drinking water, since the President of the Acueducto Rural de Floralía refuses to provide him with the service, citing shortage. The petitioner requests that drinking water service be provided to her father.\n\n2.- Marco Tulio Cubillo Sanabria, in his capacity as President of the Asociación Administradora del Acueducto Rural de Floralia de Puriscal, reports under oath (folio 12) that this aqueduct is a work with limited supply capacity. It was built in 1910 with a maximum capacity of fifty subscribers, because the supply sources are small. This situation has been repeatedly reported to the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados, but no response has yet been received. They currently have seventy-five subscribers, who demand service every day, twenty-four hours a day. During the summer season, it is impossible to meet this expectation. The Association managing the aqueduct lacks the financial means to expand its capacity. The amparado's written request was made known on September 4, 2005. It had been made known verbally on July 29 of this year as well. In both cases, it was approved by the General Assembly. What remains is the acquiescence of the Board of Directors, scheduled for September 17, but since the Secretary of the Association had resigned, no agenda including the matter was prepared. The informant stated that he commits to bringing the case before the Board of Directors at its next meeting, scheduled for November 13, and to making the connection once the corresponding amount is paid. This is because when the interested party made his request, he was warned that the relevant requirements were payment of the connection fee (derecho de conexión), a map of the property (plano de la finca), and a registry study (estudio registral) or a copy of the deed for the property where the connection would be installed. Due to his situation, only the first was required of him, which to date has not been satisfied. The interested party must also uncover the main pipe (tubo madre) in the section where the connection is made, over a length of three meters, and provide the necessary accessories for installation. In compliance with the precautionary measure of this action, a public water standpipe (paja de agua pública) was installed for the amparado in a more accessible location for him. He requests that the action filed be dismissed.\n\n3.- The legal requirements have been observed in the proceedings followed.\n\nDrafted by Magistrate Armijo Sancho; and,\n\nConsiderando:\n\nI.- Proven facts. Of importance for the decision in this matter, the following facts are deemed duly demonstrated, either because they have been accredited or because the respondent has omitted to refer to them as provided in the initial order:\n\na) that the amparado requested, as of July 2005, that drinking water service be provided to him by the defendant Association (folio 13);\n\nb) that the request was approved by the General Assembly of the Association (folios 13 and 20);\n\nc) that on the date the report was submitted —November 10, 2005— the Board of Directors of the respondent Association had not considered the amparado's request, a requirement for its final approval (folios 13 and 14);\n\nd) that on the date the report was submitted, the petitioner had not paid the connection fee (derecho de conexión) for the drinking water service (folio 14).\n\nII.- On the merits. This Tribunal has already stipulated on previous occasions that one of the derivatives of the right to health —Article 21 of the Political Constitution— is the right to have a supply of drinking water. In judgment #2003-04654 of 15:44 hours on May 27, 2003, the following was indicated regarding this issue:\n\n“V.- The Chamber recognizes, as part of the Constitution's Law, a fundamental right to drinking water, derived from the fundamental rights to health, life, a healthy environment, food, and adequate housing, among others, as has also been recognized in international Human Rights instruments applicable in Costa Rica: thus, it appears explicitly in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (art. 14) and the Convention on the Rights of the Child (art. 24); furthermore, it is enunciated in the Cairo International Conference on Population and Development (principle 2), and it is declared in numerous other instruments of International Humanitarian Law. In our Inter-American Human Rights System, the country is particularly bound in this matter by the provisions of Article 11.1 of the Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (\"Protocol of San Salvador\" of 1988), which provides that:\n\n“Article 11. Right to a healthy environment 1. Everyone shall have the right to live in a healthy environment and to have access to basic public services”.\n\nFurthermore, recently, the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights reiterated that having water is a human right that, in addition to being essential for leading a healthy life, is a prerequisite for the realization of all other human rights.\n\nVI.- From the foregoing normative framework, a series of fundamental rights are derived, linked to the obligation of the State to provide basic public services, which imply, on the one hand, that individuals cannot be illegitimately deprived of them, but that, as in the case of drinking water, it cannot be maintained that any individual holds an enforceable right for the State to provide them with the public drinking water service, immediately and wherever they may be, but rather, as provided in the Protocol of San Salvador itself, this class of rights obliges States to adopt measures, in accordance with the provisions of the first article of the same Protocol:\n\n“The States Parties to this Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights undertake to adopt the necessary measures, both domestically and through international cooperation, especially economic and technical, to the maximum extent of their available resources and taking into account their degree of development, in order to achieve progressively, and in accordance with their domestic legislation, the full effectiveness of the rights recognized in this Protocol”.\n\nFrom this, it cannot be interpreted that this fundamental right to public services lacks concrete enforceability; on the contrary, when the State reasonably must provide them, the holders of the right can demand it, and public administrations or, as the case may be, private parties that provide them in their stead cannot shield themselves behind alleged lack of resources, which has been the age-old public excuse to justify the non-fulfillment of their duties.\n\nVII.- In the case of the amparada, her land is declared suitable for housing by the competent public institutions (see folios 5 and 6) and the current technical conditions and the lack of timely measures adopted by the public Company entrusted with supplying drinking water in the area have led to the rejection of the request for service, which, in the short term, demands a timely solution so as not to render her fundamental right to that basic service nugatory. In similar cases, the Chamber has considered, for example, that:\n\n“The right to a supply of drinking water, as a public service closely linked to the right to health and property, among others, cannot be denied, as in the present case, due to the inertia of the Administration, or, in this case, of the Committee to which it has delegated the administration of the Aqueduct, even if it concerns a standpipe (paja) for spraying coffee and giving it sporadic use for habitation. It is evident that the Committee is not fulfilling its duties since, as the respondent stated to deny the discrimination alleged by the amparado, water standpipes (pajas de agua) have not been granted for three years. Therefore, the Committee must indicate to the petitioner which requirements he has omitted to fulfill in his application and, once he fulfills them, grant him the water standpipe (paja de agua)” (Judgment #2002-10776 of 14:41 hours on November 14, 2002).”\n\nThus, the primary consideration for the decision in this matter is that the lack of drinking water constitutes a fundamental rights problem, the supply of the liquid being an essential service due to its nexus with the right to health and its public nature, recognized by Costa Rican positive law, specifically, in the Ley General de Agua Potable (Articles 1 and 2), the Ley Constitutiva del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (Articles 1 and 2), the Ley General de Salud (Articles 266 and 267), and the Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora de los Servicios Públicos (Article 5). In this sense, the unnecessary delay incurred by the respondent managing Association in definitively ruling on the protected party's request jeopardizes that fundamental right. Although it is alleged that there is a shortage of the liquid, the petitioner's request was approved by the entity's General Assembly. Likewise, it is logical that the obstacle of paying connection fees (derechos de conexión) and carrying out works at the interested party's expense should be overcome once an affirmative response to the provision of the service is obtained. Consequently, the granting of the amparo is appropriate, ordering the President of the aqueduct administrator to arrange whatever is necessary so that the process for installing drinking water service for the amparado begins immediately and proceeds as quickly as possible, after payment of the connection fees (derechos de conexión) and completion of the works that are the responsibility of the interested party. As long as the connection is not made, the public standpipe (paja pública) currently installed must be maintained.\n\nIII.- Recalling that in the Costa Rican legal system, the governing entity in matters of drinking water, created as an autonomous institution for the purpose of fulfilling this task, is the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (judgment of this Chamber #2000-09051, of 10:18 hours on October 13, 2000, and Articles 1, 2, and 21 of its Constitutive Law; 33 and 41 of the Ley de Aguas; and 2, 3, and 4 of the Ley General de Agua Potable), and in view of the defendants' complaint of having presented the problem of undersupply affecting the aqueduct to the entity without having received any response, the Chamber considers it necessary to notify this judgment to the Manager of the Institute, so that he may be aware of the situation and the solutions whose definition falls within his competence may be anticipated in advance.\n\nPor tanto:\n\nThe action is declared with merit. Marco Tulio Cubillo Sanabria, President of the Asociación Administradora del Acueducto Rural de Floralia de Puriscal, or whoever holds the same powers of action, is ordered to arrange whatever is necessary so that the process for installing drinking water service for the amparado begins immediately and proceeds as quickly as possible, after payment of the connection fees (derechos de conexión) and completion of the works that are the responsibility of the interested party. As long as the connection is not made, the public standpipe (paja pública) currently installed must be maintained. The Asociación Administradora del Acueducto Rural de Floralia de Puriscal is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused, which shall be liquidated in civil judgment enforcement proceedings. Marco Tulio Cubillo Sanabria, President of the Asociación Administradora del Acueducto Rural de Floralia de Puriscal, or whoever holds the same powers of action, is warned that, in accordance with Article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, imprisonment of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be carried out or enforced, issued in an amparo action, and does not carry it out or enforce it, provided the offense is not more severely punished. The respondent, or whoever holds the same powers or positions, is notified of this resolution IN PERSON. The Manager of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados is notified of this judgment. Let it be communicated.-\n\nNombre03.\n\nPresident\n\nGilbert Armijo S. Ernesto Jinesta L.\n\nFernando Cruz C. Teresita Rodríguez A.\n\nRosa María Abdelnour G. Jorge Araya G.\n\nkaf\n\nNotify the respondent, or whomever holds equal powers or positions, of this ruling <span style=\\\"font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline\\\">IN PERSON</span><span>. Notify this judgment to the Manager of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados. Let it be communicated.-</span></p><p style=\\\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt; text-align:center\\\"><span>Nombre03. </span></p><p style=\\\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt; text-align:center\\\"><span>President </span></p><p style=\\\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\\\"><span>Gilbert Armijo S. Ernesto Jinesta L. </span></p><p style=\\\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\\\"><span>Fernando Cruz C. Teresita Rodríguez A. </span></p><p style=\\\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\\\"><span>Rosa María Abdelnour G. Jorge Araya G. </span></p><p style=\\\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt; font-size:7.5pt\\\"><span>kaf</span></p></div></body></html>\n\n</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\">Furthermore, the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recently reiterated that having water is a human right which, besides being essential for leading a healthy life, is a requirement for the realization of all other human rights. </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\"><span style=\"font-weight:bold; font-style:italic\">VI.- </span><span style=\"font-style:italic\">From the foregoing regulatory framework, a series of fundamental rights are derived, linked to the State's obligation to provide basic public services, which implies, on one hand, that people cannot be illegitimately deprived of them, but that, as in the case of potable water, any individual's claim to an enforceable right for the State to supply them with the public service of potable water cannot be sustained, immediately and wherever they may be, but rather, as provided in the Protocol of San Salvador itself, this class of rights obligates States to adopt measures, as set forth in Article 1 of the same Protocol: </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\">“The States Parties to this Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights undertake to adopt the necessary measures, both domestically and through international cooperation, especially economic and technical, to the maximum extent of their available resources and taking into account their degree of development, in order to achieve progressively, and in accordance with their domestic legislation, the full effectiveness of the rights recognized in this Protocol.” </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\">From this, it also cannot be interpreted that this fundamental right to public services lacks concrete enforceability; on the contrary, when the State reasonably must provide them, the right holders can demand it, and public administrations or, where applicable, the private parties that provide them in their stead, cannot shield themselves in alleged resource shortages, which has been the secular public excuse to justify the non-fulfillment of their duties. </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\"><span style=\"font-weight:bold; font-style:italic\">VII.- </span><span style=\"font-style:italic\">In the case of the petitioner (amparada), her land is declared suitable for housing, by the competent public institutions (see folios 5 and 6) and the current technical conditions and the lack of adoption of timely measures by the public Company entrusted with supplying potable water in the area, have led to the rejection of the service request, which, in a short term, demands a timely solution, so as not to render her fundamental right to that basic service nugatory. In similar cases, this Chamber has considered, for example, that: </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\"><span style=\"font-style:italic\">“The right to a potable water supply, as a public service closely linked to the right to health and to property, among others, cannot be denied, as in the present case, due to the inertia of the Administration, or, in this case, of the Committee to which the former has delegated the administration of the Aqueduct, even if it concerns a standpipe (paja) for fumigating coffee and for sporadic use for dwelling. It is evident that the Committee is not fulfilling its duties since, according to the respondent's statement to deny the discrimination alleged by the petitioner (amparado), no standpipes (pajas de agua) have been granted for three years. Therefore, the Committee must indicate to the claimant which requirements he has omitted to fulfill in his request and, once he fulfills them, grant him the standpipe (paja de agua).” (Judgment #2002-10776 of 2:41 p.m. on November 14, 2002).” </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\"><span>Thus, the first consideration for the decision in this matter is that the lack of potable water constitutes a fundamental rights problem, the supply of the liquid being an essential service due to its nexus with the right to health and its public nature, recognized by Costa Rican positive law, specifically, in the Ley General de Agua Potable (articles 1 and 2), the Ley Constitutiva del Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (articles 1 and 2), the Ley General de Salud (articles 266 and 267), and the Ley de la Autoridad Reguladora de los Servicios Públicos (article 5). In this regard, the unnecessary delay incurred by the respondent administrating Association in issuing a definitive decision on the claimant's request, jeopardizes that fundamental right. While it is alleged that there is a shortage of the liquid, the plaintiff's request was approved by the entity's General Assembly. Likewise, it is logical that the obstacle of paying the connection fees and carrying out the works incumbent upon the interested party be lifted once an affirmative response to the provision of service has been obtained. It is therefore appropriate to grant the amparo, ordering the President of the aqueduct administrator to take the necessary steps to immediately initiate and carry out as quickly as possible the process for installing the potable water service for the petitioner (amparado), subject to prior payment of the connection fees and carrying out the works that are incumbent upon the interested party. While the connection is not made, the currently installed public standpipe must be maintained.</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\"><span style=\"font-weight:bold\">III.- </span><span>Remembering that in the Costa Rican legal system, the governing body in matters of potable water, created as an autonomous institution for that purpose, is the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (judgment of this Chamber #2000-09051, of 10:18 a.m. on October 13, 2000, and articles 1, 2, and 21 of its Constitutive Law; 33 and 41 of the Ley de Aguas; and 2, 3, and 4 of the Ley General de Agua Potable), and given the complaint from the respondents of having presented the supply shortage problem affecting the aqueduct to the entity, without having obtained any response, this Chamber considers it necessary to notify this judgment to the Manager of the Institute, so that he becomes aware of the situation and the solutions whose definition falls within his competence can be foreseen in advance.</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt; text-align:center\"><span style=\"font-weight:bold\">Therefore:</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\"><span>The appeal is granted. Marco Tulio Cubillo Sanabria, President of the Asociación Administradora del Acueducto Rural de Floralia de Puriscal, or whoever holds the same powers of action, is ordered to take the necessary steps to immediately initiate and carry out as quickly as possible the process for installing the potable water service for the petitioner (amparado), subject to prior payment of the connection fees and carrying out the works that are incumbent upon the interested party. While the connection is not made, the currently installed public standpipe must be maintained. The Asociación Administradora del Acueducto Rural de Floralia de Puriscal is ordered to pay the costs, damages, and losses caused, which shall be liquidated in the civil execution of judgment. Marco Tulio Cubillo Sanabria, President of the Asociación Administradora del Acueducto Rural de Floralia de Puriscal, or whoever holds the same powers of action, is warned that, in accordance with article 71 of the Ley de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, imprisonment of three months to two years, or a fine of twenty to sixty days, shall be imposed on anyone who receives an order that must be obeyed or enforced, issued in an amparo proceeding, and does not obey it or enforce it, provided the offense is not more severely punished. The respondent, or whoever holds the same powers or positions, is to be notified of this resolution </span><span style=\"font-weight:bold; text-decoration:underline\">IN PERSON</span><span>. This judgment shall be notified to the Manager of the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados. Let it be communicated.-</span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt; text-align:center\"><span>Name03. </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt; text-align:center\"><span>President </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\"><span>Gilbert Armijo S. Ernesto Jinesta L. </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\"><span>Fernando Cruz C. Teresita Rodríguez A. </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt\"><span>Rosa María Abdelnour G. Jorge Araya G. </span></p><p style=\"margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:12pt; font-size:7.5pt\"><span>kaf</span></p>"
}